Hypersomnia, a sleep disorder, affects one with constant drowsiness, impacting daily life and overall well-being. While it may not be as widely recognized as its counterpart, insomnia, hypersomnia deserves equal attention. It impacts approximately 5% of people and is found to be more common in females than males. By understanding this sleep disorder, let’s learn how to manage this often-overlooked condition and support those who grapple with excessive daytime sleepiness.
Causes of hypersomnia
Hypersomnia can be caused due to an underlying condition, genetic factor, or because of an unclear cause. Other factors include:
Sleep apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition in which the patient experiences the airway being partially or completely blocked when sleeping. This can give rise to interrupted sleep patterns, frequent bouts of being awake, and continued feelings of sleepiness during the day. Patients living with untreated OSA tend to struggle with staying awake in the daytime, irrespective of the hours spent in bed the previous night. Effective treatment of OSA can significantly alleviate hypersomnia symptoms, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis.
Narcolepsy
Another cause of hypersomnia is narcolepsy. It is a neurological disorder characterized by the sudden onset of uncontrollable episodes of sleep anytime during the day. It is one of the tell-tale signs of hypersomnia. Also known as “sleep attacks,” these episodes can occur at any time of the day. These are considered a little dangerous as they can occur even in the midst of some activities like conversing , eating, and working. It is a common cause of disruption in the patient’s sleep-wake cycle, making it difficult to maintain focus and alertness during the day. Treatment and lifestyle adjustments can help manage narcolepsy symptoms, providing hope for those affected.
Idiopathic hypersomnia
This is considered a cause of excessive daytime sleepiness when all other causes and factors have been ruled out for the individual. The condition is characterized by excessive nighttime sleep, close to 10 hours or more, followed by an overwhelming feeling of tiredness. The exact chain of events leading to idiopathic hypersomnia remains unknown. It is, therefore, important to explore lifestyle modifications, such as improved sleep hygiene.
Symptoms of hypersomnia
The hallmark symptom of hypersomnia is excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Individuals with hypersomnia often find themselves struggling to stay awake and alert throughout the day, despite getting what seems to be adequate nighttime sleep. This can interfere with work, social activities, and overall quality of life. Coping strategies, such as planned short naps and frequent movement, can help manage EDS.
Long naps
While taking short naps is common and can be refreshing, individuals with hypersomnia tend to take long, unrefreshing naps during the day. These naps can last for several hours and provide little to no relief. Establishing a consistent sleep-wake schedule and avoiding extended daytime naps can aid in regulating sleep patterns.
Cognitive impairment
Individuals may experience difficulties with concentration, memory, and decision-making. It can be particularly concerning when it interferes with daily responsibilities or work. Cognitive behavioral therapy and lifestyle adjustments can mitigate these challenges.
Mood disturbances
It’s not uncommon for those with hypersomnia to experience mood shifts such as irritability, rage, depression, or anxiety. Seeking support from mental health professionals and incorporating stress management techniques can help alleviate these symptoms.
